With National Eating Disorder Awareness week coming up, here are some interesting statistics on eating disorders.
General:
• Almost 50% of people with eating disorders meet the criteria for depression. • Only 1 in 10 men and women with eating disorders receive treatment. Only 35% of people that receive treatment for eating disorders get treatment at a specialized facility for eating disorders. • Up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder (anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder) in the U.S. • Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness.
Students:
• 91% of women surveyed on a college campus had attempted to control their weight through dieting. 22% dieted “often” or “always.” • 86% report onset of eating disorder by age 20; 43% report onset between ages of 16 and 20. • Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents. • 95% of those who have eating disorders are between the ages of 12 and 25. • 25% of college-aged women engage in bingeing and purging as a weight-management technique. • The mortality rate associated with anorexia nervosa is 12 times higher than the death rate associated with all causes of death for females 15-24 years old. • Over one-half of teenage girls and nearly one-third of teenage boys use unhealthy weight control behaviors such as skipping meals, fasting, smoking cigarettes, vomiting, and taking laxatives. • In a survey of 185 female students on a college campus, 58% felt pressure to be a certain weight, and of the 83% that dieted for weight loss, 44% were of normal weight.
Men:
• An estimated 10-15% of people with anorexia or bulimia are male. • Men are less likely to seek treatment for eating disorders because of the perception that they are “woman’s diseases.” • Among gay men, nearly 14% appeared to suffer from bulimia and over 20% appeared to be anorexic.
Media, Perception, Dieting:
• 95% of all dieters will regain their lost weight within 5 years. • 35% of “normal dieters” progress to pathological dieting. Of those, 20-25% progress to partial or full-syndrome eating disorders. • The body type portrayed in advertising as the ideal is possessed naturally by only 5% of American females. • 47% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported wanting to lose weight because of magazine pictures. • 69% of girls in 5th-12th grade reported that magazine pictures influenced their idea of a perfect body shape. • 42% of 1st-3rd grade girls want to be thinner. • 81% of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat.
For Women:
• Women are much more likely than men to develop an eating disorder. Only an estimated 5 to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia are male. • An estimated 0.5 to 3.7 percent of women suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime.Research suggests that about 1 percent of female adolescents have anorexia. • An estimated 1.1 to 4.2 percent of women have bulimia nervosa in their lifetime. • An estimated 2 to 5 percent of Americans experience binge-eating disorder in a 6-month period. • About 50 percent of people who have had anorexia develop bulimia or bulimic patterns. • 20% of people suffering from anorexia will prematurely die from complications related to their eating disorder, including suicide and heart problems.
Mortality Rates:
Although eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder, the mortality rates reported on those who suffer from eating disorders can vary considerably between studies and sources. Part of the reason why there is a large variance in the reported number of deaths caused by eating disorders is because those who suffer from an eating disorder may ultimately die of heart failure, organ failure, malnutrition or suicide. Often, the medical complications of death are reported instead of the eating disorder that compromised a person’s health.
According to a study done by colleagues at the American Journal of Psychiatry (2009), crude mortality rates were:
• 4% for anorexia nervosa
• 3.9% for bulimia nervosa
• 5.2% for eating disorder not otherwise specified
Crow, S.J., Peterson, C.B., Swanson, S.A., Raymond, N.C., Specker, S., Eckert, E.D., Mitchell, J.E. (2009) Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 166, 1342-1346.
Athletes:
• Risk Factors: In judged sports – sports that score participants – prevalence of eating disorders is 13% (compared with 3% in refereed sports). • Significantly higher rates of eating disorders found in elite athletes (20%), than in a female control group (9%). • Female athletes in aesthetic sports (e.g. gymnastics, ballet, figure skating) found to be at the highest risk for eating disorders. • A comparison of the psychological profiles of athletes and those with anorexia found these factors in common: perfectionism, high self-expectations, competitiveness, hyperactivity, repetitive exercise routines, compulsiveness, drive, tendency toward depression, body image distortion, pre-occupation with dieting and weight.
GenPsych in Brick has an extensive eating disorder program for adolescents and adults. If you or someone you know suffers from an eating disorder, call GenPsych at 1-855-GENPSYCH.
Sources:
1. Mortality in Anorexia Nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1995; 152 (7): 1073-4. 2. Characteristics and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Eating Disorders, by Dr. Greta Noordenbox, International Journal of Eating Disorders, Volume 10: 15-29, 2002. 3. The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, “Eating Disorders 101 Guide: A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources,” 2003. 4. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152 (7), July 1995, p. 1073-1074, Sullivan, Patrick F. 5. Shisslak, C.M., Crago, M., & Estes, L.S. (1995). The Spectrum of Eating Disturbances. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18 (3): 209-219. 6. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders 10-year study, 2000 7. Public Health Service’s Office in Women’s Health, Eating Disorders Information Sheet, 2000. 8. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), The Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), offices of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 9. Carlat, D.J., Camargo. Review of Bulimia Nervosa in Males. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1997. 10. American Psychological Association, 2001. 11. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2002; 31: 300-308. 12. Prevention of Eating Problems with Elementary Children, Michael Levine, USA Today, July 1998. 13. Ibid. 14. The National Institute of Mental Health: “Eating Disorders: Facts About Eating Disorders and the Search for Solutions.” Pub No. 01-4901. Accessed Feb. 2002. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/nedspdisorder.cfm. 15. Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. website. Accessed Feb. 2002. http://www.anred.com/ 16. Nutrition Journal. March 31, 2006. 17. Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2005). I’m, Like, SO Fat!. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 5. 18. The Renfrew Center Foundation for Eating Disorders, “Eating Disorders 101 Guide: A Summary of Issues, Statistics and Resources,” published September 2002, revised October 2003, http://www.renfrew.org 19. Zucker NL, Womble LG, Williamson DA, et al. Protective factors for eating disorders in female college athletes. Eat Disorders 1999; 7: 207-218. 20. Sungot-Borgen, J. Torstveit, M.K. (2004) Prevalence of ED in Elite Athletes is Higher than in the General Population. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(1), 25-32. 21. Bachner-Melman, R., Zohar, A, Ebstein, R, et.al. 2006. How Anorexic-like are the Symptom and Personality Profiles of Aesthetic Athletes? Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38 No 4. 628-636.
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